Product References
Women to Women’s The Basics are comprehensive nutritional supplements that
are doctor-formulated to be complete, natural, bioavailable, and manufactured to
pharmaceutical standards.
The following articles and studies, arranged in order of recency, provide information
about the clinical basis for using Women to Women’s The Basics. Click
on each of the nutrients listed to review pertinent studies and articles.
Product references
Vitamin A
Arnlöv, J., et al. 2009. Serum and dietary beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol
and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a community-based study of Swedish
men: Report from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) study. Diabetalogica,
52 (1), 97–105. URL (abstract): http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/334/18/1150
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Sahni, S., et al. 2008. Inverse association of carotenoid intakes with 4-y change
in bone mineral density in elderly men and women: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056581
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Yang, Z., et al. 2008. Serum carotenoid concentrations in postmenopausal women from
the United States with and without osteoporosis. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 78
(3), 105–111. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003732
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Kawaguchi, J. 2006. Generation of osteoblasts and chondrocytes from embryonic stem
cells. Methods Mol. Biol., 330, 135–148. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16846022
(accessed 05.13.2008).
Bendich, A. 2004. From 1989 to 2001: What have we learned about the “biological
actions of beta-carotene”? J. Nutr., 134 (1), 225S–230S. URL:
http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/134/1/225S (accessed 12.08.2008).
Heinrich, U., et al. 2003. Supplementation with beta-carotene or a similar amount
of mixed carotenoids protects humans from UV-induced erythema. J. Nutr., 133
(1), 98–101. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/133/1/98 (accessed
12.08.2008).
Semba, R., et al. 2003. Carotenoid and vitamin E status are associated with indicators
of sarcopenia among older women living in the community. Aging Clin. Exp. Res.,
15 (6), 482–487. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14959951
(accessed 12.21.2008).
Klipstein–Grobusch, K., et al. 2001. Dietary antioxidants and peripheral arterial
disease: The Rotterdam Study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 154 (2), 145–149.
URL: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/154/2/145 (accessed 12.21.2008).
Christen, W., et al. 2000. Design of Physicians’ Health Study II — a
randomized trial of beta-carotene, vitamins E and C, and multivitamins, in prevention
of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease, and review of results of completed
trials. Ann. Epidemiol., 10 (2), 125–134. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691066
(accessed 12.18.2008).
Green, A., et al. 1999. Daily sunscreen application and betacarotene supplementation
in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: A randomised
controlled trial. Lancet, 354 (9180), 723–729. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10475183
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Lin, Y., et al. 1998. Estimating the concentration of beta-carotene required for
maximal protection of low-density lipoproteins in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 67
(5), 837-845. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/67/5/837.pdf (accessed
12.08.2008).
Albanes, D., et al. 1996. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung
cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study:
Effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.,
88 (21), 1560–1570. URL: http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/88/21/1560.pdf
(accessed 12.08.2008).
McAlindon, T., et al. 1996. Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the development
and progression of knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis. Rheum., 39 (4), 648–656.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8630116 (accessed 12.21.2008).
Omenn, G., et al. 1996. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A
on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. NEJM, 334 (18), 1150–1155.
URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/334/18/1150 (accessed 12.08.2008).
Wolf, G. 1984. Multiple functions of vitamin A. Physiol. Rev., 64, 873–937.
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Coelho, L., et al. 2008. Thiamin deficiency as a cause of reversible cor pulmonale.
Arq. Bras. Cardiol., 91 (1), e7–e9. URL (PDF): http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abc/v91n1/en_a13v91n1.pdf
(accessed 12.03.2009).
Lonsdale, D. 2006. A review of the biochemistry, metabolism and clinical benefits
of thiamin(e) and its derivatives. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 3
(1), 49–59. URL: http://ecam.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/3/1/49 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Haupt, E., et al. 2005. Benfotiamine in the treatment of diabetic polyneuropathy
— a three-week randomized, controlled pilot study (BEDIP study). Int. J. Clin.
Pharmacol. Ther., 43 (2), 71–77. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15726875
(accessed 12.15.2008).
McCabe–Sellers, B., et al. 2005. Diuretic medication therapy use and low thiamin
intake in homebound older adults. J. Nutr. Elder, 24 (4), 57–71.
URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16597560 (accessed 12.15.2008).
Beltramo, E., et al. 2004. Thiamine and benfotiamine prevent increased apoptosis
in endothelial cells and pericytes cultured in high glucose. Diabetes Metab. Res.
Rev., 20 (4), 330–336. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15250036
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Shangari, N., et al. 2003. Toxicity of glyoxals — role of oxidative stress,
metabolic detoxification and thiamine deficiency. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 31
(Pt. 6), 1390–1393. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14641070
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Gibson, G., & Zhang, H. 2002. Interactions of oxidative stress with thiamine
homeostasis promote neurodegeneration. Neurochem. Int., 40 (6), 493–504.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11850106 (accessed 12.15.2008).
Lonsdale, D., et al. 2002. Treatment of autistic spectrum children with thiamine
tetrahydrofurfuryl disulfide: A pilot study. Neuroendocrinol. Lett., 23
(4), 303–308. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12195231
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Elmadfa, I., et al. 2001. The thiamine status of adult humans depends on carbohydrate
intake. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res., 71 (4), 217–221 URL: (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11582856 (accessed 12.15.2008).
Lonsdale, D.2001. Sudden infant death syndrome requires genetic predisposition,
some form of stress and marginal malnutrition. Med. Hypoth., 57 (3), 382–386.
URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37452 (accessed 12.15.2008).
Schenk, G., et al. 1998. Properties and functions of the thiamin diphosphate dependent
enzyme transketolase. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 30 (12), 1297–1318.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924800 (accessed 12.15.2008).
Cooper, J. & Pincus, J. 1979. The role of thiamine in nervous tissue. Neurochem.
Res., 4 (2), 223–239. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37452
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Baker, H., et al. 1975. Inability of chronic alcoholics with liver disease to use
food as a source of folates, thiamin and vitamin B6. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 28
(12), 1377–1380. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/28/12/1377 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
McNulty, H., et al. 2008. Homocysteine, B-vitamins and CVD. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 67
(2), 232–237. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18412997
(accessed 12.16.2008.).
Yazdanpanah, N., et al. 2008. Low dietary riboflavin but not folate predicts increased
fracture risk in postmenopausal women homozygous for the MTHFR 677 T allele. J.
Bone Miner. Res., 23 (1), 86–94. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17725378
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Yazdanpanah, N., et al. 2008. Effect of dietary B vitamins on BMD and risk of fracture
in elderly men and women: The Rotterdam study. Bone, 41 (6), 987–994.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17936100 (accessed 12.16.2008).
Powers, H. 2007. Responses of biomarkers of folate and riboflavin status to folate
and riboflavin supplementation in healthy and colorectal polyp patients (the FAB2
Study). Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 16 (10), 2128–2135. URL:
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/16/10/2128 (accessed 12.16.2008).
Zee, R. et al. 2007. Homocysteine, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T
polymorphism, nutrient intake, and incident cardiovascular disease in 24,968 initially
healthy women. Clin. Chem., 53 (5), 845–851. URL: http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/53/5/84
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Powers, H. 2005. Interaction among folate, riboflavin, genotype, and cancer, with
reference to colorectal and cervical cancer. J. Nutr., 135 (12 Suppl.),
2960S–2966S. URL (PDF): http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/135/12/2960S
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Macdonald, H., et al. 2004. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism interacts
with riboflavin intake to influence bone mineral density. Bone, 35 (4),
957–964. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15454103 (accessed
12.16.2008).
Moat, S. 2003. Effect of riboflavin status on the homocysteine-lowering effect of
folate in relation to the MTHFR (C677T) genotype. Clin. Chem., 49 (2),
295–302. URL: http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/49/2/295 (accessed
12.16.2008).
Lakshmi, A. 1998. Riboflavin metabolism — relevance to human nutrition. Indian
J. Med. Res., 108, 182–190. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9863274
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Madigan, S., et al. 1998. Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical
response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people. Am. J. Clin.
Nutr., 68 (2), 389–395. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/68/2/389
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Vitamin B3 (niacin, niacinamide)
Tang, K., et al. 2008. Niacin deficiency causes oxidative stress in rat bone marrow
cells but not through decreased NADPH or glutathione status. J. Nutr. Biochem.,
19 (11), 746-753. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18436439
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Duan, D., et al. 2007. Protective effect of niacinamide on interleukin-1beta-induced
annulus fibrosus type II collagen degeneration in vitro. J. Huazhong Univ.
Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci., 27 (1), 68–71. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17393114
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Kostecki, L., et al. 2007. Niacin deficiency delays DNA excision repair and increases
spontaneous and nitrosourea-induced chromosomal instability in rat bone marrow.
Mutat. Res., 625 (1-2), 50–61. URL (abstract) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17618655
(accessed 12.17.2008).
Spronck, J., et al. 2007. Niacin deficiency alters p53 expression and impairs etoposide-induced
cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rat bone marrow cells. Nutr. Cancer, 57
(1), 88–99. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17516866 (accessed
12.17.2008).
Fivenson, D. 2006. The mechanisms of action of nicotinamide and zinc in inflammatory
skin disease. Cutis, 77 (1 Suppl.), 5–10. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16871773
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Niren, N. 2006. Pharmacologic doses of nicotinamide in the treatment of inflammatory
skin conditions: A review. Cutis, 77 (1 Suppl.), 11–16. URL (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16871774 (accessed 12.17.2008).
Kirkland, J. 2003. Niacin and carcinogenesis. Nutr. Cancer, 46 (2), 110–118.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14690785 (accessed 12.17.2008).
Boyonoski, A., et al. 2002. Niacin deficiency decreases bone marrow poly(ADP-ribose)
and the latency of ethylnitrosourea-induced carcinogenesis in rats. J. Nutr., 132
(1), 108–114. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/132/1/108 (accessed
12.17.2008).
Guruprasad, K., & Vasudev, V. 2001. Inducible protective processes in animal
systems: VIII. Enhancement of adaptive response by nicotinamide. Mutagenesis, 16
(3), 257–263. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11320152
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Hageman, G., & Stierum, R. 2001. Niacin, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and genomic
stability. Mutat. Res., 475 (1–2), 45–56. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11295153
(accessed 12.17.2008).
Wiencke, J. 1987. Nicotinamide deficiency in human lymphocytes prevents the [3H]thymidine-induced
adaptive response for the repair of X-ray-induced chromosomal damage. Exp. Cell
Res., 171 (2), 518–523. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2957224
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Jaroenporn, S., et al. 2008. Effects of pantothenic acid supplementation on adrenal
steroid secretion from male rats. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 31 (6), 1205–1208.
URL: http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bpb/31/6/31_1205/_article (accessed 12.03.2009).
Scheurig, A., et al. 2008. Association between the intake of vitamins and trace
elements from supplements and C-reactive protein: Results of the MONICA/KORA Augsburg
study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 62 (1), 127–137. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17311055
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Liciano, J., et al. 2007. Effects of leptin on intake of specific micro- and macronutrients
in a woman with leptin gene deficiency studied off and on leptin at stable body
weight. Appetite, 49 (3), 594–599. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2194812&blobtype=pdf
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Schittl, H., & Getoff, N. 2007. Radiation-induced antitumor properties of vitamin
B5 (pantothenic acid) and its effect on mitomycin C activity: Experiments in vitro.
Oncol. Res., 16 (8), 389–394. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17913047
(accessed 12.15.2008).
Ball, G. 2006. Chapter 11: Pantothenic Acid. In Vitamins in Foods: Analysis, Bioavailability,
and Stability, 211–219. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Depeint, F., et al. 2006. Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B vitamin
family on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem. Biol. Interact., 163 (1–2),
94–112. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16765926 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Gaby, A. 1997. Pantothenic acid: All-purpose vitamin, a member of the B-complex
vitamin group. Nutr. Healing, 3 (4), 11.
Tahiliani, A., & Beinlich, C. 1991. Pantothenic acid in health and disease.
Vitam. Horm., 46, 165–228. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1746161
(accessed 12.09.2008).
Song, W. 1990. Pantothenic acid: How much do we know about this B-vitamin? Nutr.
Today, 25 (2), 19–26.
Bonjour, J. 1980. Vitamins and alcoholism. V. Riboflavin; VI. Niacin; VII. Pantothenic
acid; VIII. Biotin. Int. J. Vit. Nutr. Res., 50, 425–440.
Fry, P., et al. 1976. Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in
humans. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo), 22 (4), 339–346.
Vitamin B6 (pyroxidine)
Zee, R. et al. 2007. Homocysteine, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T
polymorphism, nutrient intake, and incident cardiovascular disease in 24,968 initially
healthy women. Clin. Chem., 53 (5), 845-851. URL: http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/53/5/845
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Wolters, M., et al. 2005. Effect of multivitamin supplementation on the homocysteine
and methylmalonic acid blood concentrations in women over the age of 60 years. Eur.
J. Nutr., 44 (3), 183–192. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15309436
(accessed 12.14. 2008).
Levine, S., & Saltzman, A. 2004. Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) neurotoxicity: Enhancement
by protein-deficient diet. J. Appl. Toxicol., 24, 497–500. URL (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9019915 (accessed 12.09.2008).
Lewerin, C., et al. 2003. Reduction of plasma homocysteine and serum methylmalonate
concentrations in apparently healthy elderly subjects after treatment with folic
acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6: A randomised trial. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 57 (11),
1426–1436. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576756 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Madigan, S., et al. 1998. Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical
response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people. Am. J. Clin.
Nutr., 68 (2), 389–395. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/68/2/389
(accessed 12.16.2008).
Massé, P., et al. 1998. A cartilage matrix deficiency experimentally induced
by vitamin B6 deficiency. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 217, 97–103.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9421212 (accessed 12.09.2008).
Massé, P., et al. 1994. Vitamin B6 deficiency experimentally-induced bone
and joint disorder: Microscopic, radiographic and biochemical evidence. Br. J. Nutr.,
71, 919–932. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8031739
(accessed 12.09.2008).
Benedikt, J., et al. 1996. [The effect of different vitamin B6 supplies on the vitamin
B status (pyroxidine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine) of the liver and the body of lactating
rats.] Z. Ernahyrungswiss, 35, (3), 273–281. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9019915
(accessed 12.09.2008).
Cravo, M., et al. 1996. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: Correlation
with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 63
(2), 220–224. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/63/2/220 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Riggs, K., et al. 1996. Relations of vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, folate, and homocysteine
to cognitive performance in the Normative Aging Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 63
(3), 306–314. URL (accessed 12.09.2008).
Reynolds, T., et al. 1992. Hip fracture patients may be vitamin B6 deficient. Controlled
study of serum pyridoxal-5’-phosphate. Acta Orthop. Scand., 63 (3),
635–638. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1471512 (accessed
12.09.2008).
Massé, P., et al. 1990. Morphological abnormalities in vitamin B6 deficient
tarsometatarsal chick cartilage. Scanning Microsc., 4 (3), 667–673;
discussion 674. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2080430 (accessed
12.09.2008).
Serfontein, W., et al. 1984. Vitamin B6 revisited. Evidence of subclinical deficiencies
in various segments of the population and possible consequences thereof. S. Afr.
Med. J., 66 (12), 437–440. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6385307
(accessed 05.13.2008).
Baker, H., et al. 1975. Inability of chronic alcoholics with liver disease to use
food as a source of folates, thiamin and vitamin B6. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 28
(12), 1377–1380. URL (PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/28/12/1377 (accessed
12.15.2008).
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Mock, D. 2008. Marginal biotin deficiency is common in normal human pregnancy and
is highly teratogenic in mice. J. Nutr., 139 (1), 154–157. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/139/1/154
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Said, H. 2008. Cell and molecular aspects of human intestinal biotin absorption.J.
Nutr., 139 (1), 158–162. URL: http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/139/1/158
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Geohas, J., et al. 2007. Chromium picolinate and biotin combination reduces atherogenic
index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A placebo-controlled,
double-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Am. J. Med. Sci., 333 (3), 145–153.
URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17496732 (accessed 12.09.2008).
Scheinfeld, N., et al. 2007. Vitamins and minerals: Their role in nail health and
disease. J. Drugs Dermatol., 6 (8), 782–787. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17763607
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Revilla–Monsalve, C., et al. 2006. Biotin supplementation reduces plasma triacylglycerol
and VLDL in type 2 diabetic patients and in nondiabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia.
Biomed. Pharmacother., 60 (4), 182–185. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16677798
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Fernández–Mejía, C. 2005. Pharmacologic effects of biotin. J.
Nutr. Biochem., 16 (7), 424–427. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992683
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Gravel, R., & Narang, M. 2005. Molecular genetics of biotin metabolism: Old
vitamin, new science. J. Nutr. Biochem., 16 (7), 428–431. URL (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15992684 (accessed 12.08.2008).
Vilches–Flores, A., & Fernández–Mejía, C. 2005. [Effect
of biotin upon gene expression and metabolism.] Rev. Invest. Clin., 57
(5), 716–724. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16419467
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Báez–Saldaña, A., et al. 2004. Effects of biotin on pyruvate
carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and markers for
glucose and lipid homeostasis in type 2 diabetic patients and nondiabetic subjects.
Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 79 (2), 238–243. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/2/238
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Mock, D., et al. 2002. Marginal biotin deficiency during normal pregnancy. Am. J.
Clin. Nutr., 75, 295–299. URL: http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/75/2/295
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Pacheco–Alvarez, D., et al. 2002. Biotin in metabolism and its relationship
to human disease. Arch. Med. Res., 33 (5), 439–447. URL (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459313 (accessed 12.08.2008).
Zempleni, J., & Mock, D. 2000. Marginal biotin deficiency is teratogenic. Proc.
Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 223 (1), 14–21. URL: http://www.ebmonline.org/cgi/content/full/223/1/14
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Zempleni, J., & Mock, D. 1999. Bioavailability of biotin given orally to humans
in pharmacologic doses. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69 (3), 504–508. URL:
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/3/504 (accessed 12.08.2008).
Zhang, H., et al. 1997. Biotin administration improves the impaired glucose tolerance
of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo),
43 (3), 271-280. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477615
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Hochman, L., et al. 1993. Brittle nails: Response to daily biotin supplementation.
Cutis, 51, 303–305. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477615
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Mock, D. 1991. Skin manifestations of biotin deficiency. Semin. Dermatol., 10
(4), 296–302. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1764357 (accessed
12.08.2008).
Koutsikos, D., et al. 1990. Biotin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Biomed. Pharmacother.,
44 (10), 511–514. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2085665
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Colombo, V., et al. 1990. Treatment of brittle fingernails and onychoschizia with
biotin: Scanning electron microscopy. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 23 (6 Pt.
1), 1127–1132. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2273113
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Floersheim, G. 1989. [Treatment of brittle fingernails with biotin]. Z. Hautkr.,
64 (1), 41–48. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2648686
(accessed 12.08.2008).
Nyhan, W. 1987. Inborn errors of biotin metabolism. Arch. Dermatol., 123
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