Insulin resistance
Vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrient therapy for diabetes —
References & further reading
1 O’Connell, B. 2001. Select vitamins and minerals in the management of diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 14 (3), 137–148. URL: http://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/14/3/133 (free full text; accessed 03.30.2007).
Franz, M., & Bantle, J, Eds. 1999. American Diabetes Association guide to medical nutrition therapy for diabetes. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association.
Shils, M., et al., Eds. 1999. Modern nutrition in health and disease, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.
Mooradian, A., et al. 1994. Selected vitamins and minerals in diabetes. Diabetes Care, 17 (5), 464–479.
2 Broadhurst, C., & Domenico, P. 2006. Clinical studies on chromium picolinate supplementation in diabetes mellitus — a review. Diabetes Technol., 8 (6), 677–687.
3 de Valk, H. 1999. Magnesium in diabetes mellitus. J. Med., 54, 139–146.
American Diabetes Association. 1992. Magnesium supplementation in the treatment of diabetes (Consensus statement). Diabetes Care, 15, 1065–1067.
4 Lopez–Ridaura, R, et al. 2004. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women. Diabetes Care, 27 (1), 134–140. URL: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/27/1/134 (full text; accessed 04.04.2007).
5 el-Yazigi A, et al. 1991. Urinary excretion of chromium, copper, and manganese in diabetes mellitus and associated disorders. Diabetes Res., 18, 129–134.
6 Ekmekcioglu, C., et al. 2001. Concentrations of seven trace elements in different hematological matrices in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared to healthy controls. Biol. Trace Elem. Res., 79 (3), 205–219.
7 University of Maryland Medical Center. 2006. Manganese. URL: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsSupplements/Manganesecs.html (accessed 04.11.2007).
8 Roussel, A., et al., Eds. 2002. 2002. Trace elements in man and animals. Chapter 10: Vanadium — An essential element for animals and humans? NY: Springer US. URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-0-306-47466-8/ (accessed 04.03.2007).
Mertz, W. 1974. The newer essential trace elements chromium, tin, vanadium, nickel and silicon. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 33 (3), 307–313 (7).
9 Harland, B., & Harden–Williams, B. 1994. Is vanadium of nutritional importance yet? J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 94, 891–894. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db
=pubmed&list_uids=8046184&dopt=Abstract (accessed 04.03.2007).
10 Gale, E., et al. 2004. European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT): A randomised controlled trial of intervention before the onset of type 1 diabetes. Lancet, 363 (9413), 925–931.
European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial Group. 2003. Intervening before the onset of Type 1 diabetes: Baseline data from the European Nicotinamide Diabetes Intervention Trial (ENDIT). Diabetologia, 46 (3), 339–346.
Gale, E. 1996. Nicotinamide: Potential for the prevention of type 1 diabetes? Horm. Metab. Res., 28, 361–364.
11 Wang, B., et al. 1997. Interferon-gamma impacts at multiple points during the progression of autoimmune diabetes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 13844–13849. URL: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/94/25/13844 (full text, accessed 04.23.2007).
12 Hoogeveen, E., et al. 2000. Hyperhomocysteinemia increases risk of death, especially in type 2 diabetes 5-year follow-up of the Hoorn study. Circulation, 101, 1506–1511. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/13/1506 (free full text; accessed 04.04.2007).
13 Murray, M., & Lyon, M. 2007. Beat diabetes naturally, p. 256. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Books.
14 Cunningham, J., et al. Vitamin C: An aldose reductase inhibitor that normalizes erythrocyte sorbitol in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 113 (4) 344–350. URL: http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/13/4/344 (accessed 04.03.2007).
15 Polidori, M., et al. 2000. Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants in very old patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev., 16, 15–19.
Salonen, J., et al. 1995. Increased risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus at low plasma vitamin E concentrations: a four-year study in men. BMJ, 311, 1124–1127.
16 Manzella, D., et al. 2001. Chronic administration of pharmacologic doses of vitamin E improves the cardiac autonomic nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73, 1052–1057.
Upritchard, J., et al. 2000. Effect of supplementation with tomato juice, vitamin E, and vitamin C on LDL oxidation and products of inflammatory activity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 23, 733–738.
Reaven, P., et al. 1995. Effects of vitamin E on susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein subfractions to oxidation and on protein glycation in NIDDM. Diabetes Care, 18, 807–816.
Paolisso, G., et al. 1993. Daily vitamin E supplements improve metabolic control but not insulin secretion in elderly type II diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, 16, 1433–1437.
17 Gaede, P. 2001. Double-blind, randomised study of the effect of combined treatment with vitamin C and E on albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet. Med., 18 (9), 756–760.
The Healthier Life.co.uk. 2004. Diabetes & vitamins: Two vitamins that all diabetics should know about. URL: http://www.thehealthierlife.co.uk/article/3122/diabetes-vitamins.html (accessed 04.04.2007).
18 Lerman, R., et al., 2006. Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of RIAA/acacia supplementation on insulin homeostasis. Seminar paper presented by J. Bland at "Beyond metabolic syndrome: From controversy to improved clinical outcomes — Clarifying the confusion surrounding popular diets such as the Atkins, Zone, and paleolithic diets," Danvers, MA, 04.15.2007.
Further reading
Diabetes.co.uk. 2007. Diabetes, vitamins and dietary supplements. 2007. URL: http://www.diabetes.co.uk/vitamins-supplements.html (accessed 04.04.2007).
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Micronutrient therapy
Original Publication Date: 04/23/2007
Last Modified: 08/17/2009
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet