Inflammation
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Larson, E., as quoted by Reuters. 2002. Antibacterial soap a waste of
time, experts say. URL: http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=13347 (accessed
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for research at the Columbia University School of Nursing in New York, said in a
statement.
“‘We found antimicrobial or antibacterial soaps provide no added value over plain
soap.’”
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for pandemic influenza: An evaluation of the evidence base. BMC Public Health, 7,
208. URL: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/208 (accessed 09.23.2009).
8 Bauer, M., et al. 2009. The role of stress factors during aging of
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and modulates cytokine production in peritoneal macrophages in vivo in
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12 Bauer, M., et al. 2009. The role of stress factors during aging of
the immune system. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1153, 139–152. URL (abstract):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19236337 (accessed 09.24.2009).
Bauer, M. 2008. Chronic stress and immunosenescence: A review. Neuroimmunomodulation,
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(accessed 09.24.2009).
Bauer, M. 2005. Stress, glucocorticoids and ageing of the immune system.
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16 Yasui, H., et al. 1999. Immunomodulatory function of lactic acid bacteria.
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20 Haaland, D., et al. 2008. Is regular exercise a friend or foe of the
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21 Haaland, D., et al. 2008.
22 Suzuki, K., et al. 2002. Systemic inflammatory response to exhaustive
exercise. Cytokine kinetics. Exerc. Immunol. Rev., 8, 6–48. URL (abstract):
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23 Buford, T., & Rossi, S. [No date of publication listed.] Exercise
and immune function. NCSA Hot Topic Series. URL (PDF): http://www.nsca-lift.org/HotTopic/download/Immune-Function.pdf
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“Extremely strenuous and/or unaccustomed exercise is likely to induce an inflammatory
response partially characterized by the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines….
Normally, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels are counterbalanced by anti-inflammatory
cytokine levels promoting homeostasis; however if levels are unrestrained, incidences
of post exercise infection may occur (24). It is important to note that although
excess, unresolved inflammation can cause tissue damage and/or infection, it is
a physiologically necessary component to properly functioning innate immunity (1).
Therefore, the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is crucial in
maintaining proper immune function [emphasis ours].”
24 Suzuki, K., et al. 2002.
Ostrowski, K., et al. 1999. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance
in strenuous exercise in humans. J. Phys., 515 (Pt. 1), 287–291. URL: http://jp.physoc.org/content/515/1/287.full
(accessed 09.24.2009).
25 [No author or date of publication listed.] Exercise when you have
the flu. WebMD. URL: http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-guide/exercise-when-you-have-the-flu
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26 Fjeld, T., et al. 1998. The effect of indoor foliage plants on health
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Lohr, V., & Pearson–Mims. 1996. Particulate matter accumulation
on horizontal surfaces in interiors: Influence of foliage plants. Atmosph. Environ.,
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primary combustion gases, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. J. Miss. Acad.
Sci., 30, 1-8.
27 Cohen, S., et al. 2006. Positive emotional style predicts resistance
to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza a virus. Psychosom.
Med., 68 (6), 809–815. URL: http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/content/full/68/6/809
(accessed 10.09.2009).
Pressman, S., & Cohen, S. 2005. Does positive affect influence health?
Psychol. Bull., 131 (6), 925–71. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16351329
(accessed 10.09.2009).
See also:
Brydon, L., et al. 2009. Dispositional optimism and stress-induced changes
in immunity and negative mood. Brain. Behav. Immun., 23 (6), 810–816. URL:
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=19272441
(accessed 10.09.2009).
Fosha, D. 2009. Positive affects and the transformation of suffering
into flourishing. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1172, 252–262. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735249
(accessed 10.09.2009).
References on definitions for pandemic and epidemic
Komarof, A. 2009. Swine flu: A possibly serious threat. Harvard Health Publications.
URL:>https://www.health.harvard.edu/flu-resource-center/swine-flu-a-possibly-serious-threat.htm
(accessed 09.22.2009).
World Health Organization. 2009. WHO | Current WHO phase of pandemic alert. URL:
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/phase/en/index.html (accessed 09.23.2009).
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Last Modified Date: 05/02/2011