Thyroid health
Thyroid health in menopause —
References & further reading
1 Sowers, M., et al. 2003. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and menopausal status in women at the mid-life: SWAN. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 58 (3), 340–347. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12608940 (accessed 05.08.2008).
2 Norman Endocrine Surgery Clinic. 2005. How your thyroid works. URL: http://www.endocrineweb.com/thyfunction.html (accessed 05.05.2008).
3 Northrup, C. 2001. The Wisdom of Menopause. Creating Physical and Emotional Health During the Change, 118. NY: Random House.
4 Bland, J. 2005. Preface, iii. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 644. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
5 Hall, J., & Guyton, A. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th ed., 931. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
6 de Benoist, B., Andersson, M., Egli, I., Takkouche, B., & Allen, H., eds. 2004. Iodine status worldwide: WHO global database on iodine deficiency. Geneva: World Health Organization.
International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). 2008 URL: http://indorgs.virginia.edu/iccidd/mi/cidds.html (accessed 05.23.2008).
For more on the link between iodine status and hypothyroidism, as well as many other health issues, see the website of David Brownstein, MD: http://www.drbrownstein.com/default.asp
7 Pizzorno, L., & Ferril, W. Op cit.
8 Spadaccino, A., et al. 2008. Celiac disease in North Italian patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity, 41 (1), 116–121. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18176874 (accessed 05.08.2008).
da Silva Kotze, L., et al. 2006. Thyroid disorders in Brazilian patients with celiac disease. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 40 (1), 33–36.URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340631 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Sategna–Guidetti, C., et al. 2001. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: An Italian multicenter study. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96 (3), 751–757. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11280546 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Toscano, V., et al. 2000. Importance of gluten in the induction of endocrine autoantibodies and organ dysfunction in adolescent celiac patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95 (7),1742–1748. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10925978 (accessed 05.08.2008).
9 Shulman, K., et al. 2005. New thyroxine treatment in older adults beginning lithium therapy: Implications for clinical practice. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 13 (4), 299–304. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845755 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Gracious, B., et al. 2004. Elevated thyrotropin in bipolar youths prescribed both lithium and divalproex sodium. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 43 (2), 215–220. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726729 (accessed 05.08.2008).
10 Saad, A., et al. 2004. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer: Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies of a case and review of the literature. Arc. Pathol. Lab. Med., 128 (7), 807–810. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15214815 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Bogazzi, F., et al. 2001. The various effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Thyroid, 11 (5), 511–519. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11396710 (accessed 05.08.2008).
11 Moura, E., & Moura,C. 2004. [Regulation of thyrotropin synthesis and secretion.] Arq. Bras. Encocrinol. Metabol., 48 (1), 40–52. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611817 (accessed 05.08.2008).
12 Liappas, J., et al. 2006. Hypothyroidism induced by quetiapine: A case report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 26 (2), 208–209.
Ferret, B., & Caley, C. 2000. Possible hypothyroidism associated with quetiapine. Ann. Pharmacother. 34 (4), 483–486. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10772436 (accessed 05.08.2008).
13 Pizzorno, L., & Ferril, W. 2005. Chapter 32. Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Thyroid. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 647. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
14 George, J., & Joshi, S. 2007. Drugs and thyroid. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 55, 215–223. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17598333 (accessed 05.08.2008).
15 Bland, J., & Jones, D. 2005. Chapter 32: Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Cellular messaging, part II — Tissue sensitivity and intracellular response. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 596. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
16 Bland, J., & Jones, D. 2005. Chapter 32: Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Cellular messaging, part II — Tissue sensitivity and intracellular response. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 602. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
17 Bland, J., & Jones, D. Op. cit.
Reference regarding thyroid hormone panel ranges
Lombard, J. 2005. Chapter 32. Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Section VI: Neurotransmitters: A functional medicine approach to neuropsychiatry. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 644. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
References on nutrients for thyroid function
Pizzorno, L., & Ferril, W. 2005. Chapter 32. Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Thyroid. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 647. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
Liska, D., and S. Quinn, eds. 2004. Clinical Nutrition, a Functional Approach, 184. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
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Thyroid health in menopause
Original Publication Date: 06/09/2008
Last Modified: 02/16/2010
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet