Thyroid health
Thyroid health in menopause —
References and further reading
1 Sowers, M., et al. 2003. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and menopausal status in women at the mid-life: SWAN. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.), 58 (3), 340-347. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12608940 (accessed 05.08.2008).
2 Norman Endocrine Surgery Clinic. 2005. How your thyroid works. URL: http://www.endocrineweb.com/thyfunction.html (accessed 05.05.2008).
3 Northrup, C. 2001. The Wisdom of Menopause. Creating Physical and Emotional Health During the Change, 118. NY: Random House.
4 Bland, J. 2005. Preface, iii. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 644. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
5 Hall, J., & Guyton, A. 2006. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 11th ed., 931. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
6 de Benoist, B., Andersson, M., Egli, I., Takkouche, B., & Allen, H., eds. 2004. Iodine status worldwide: WHO global database on iodine deficiency. Geneva: World Health Organization.
International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD). 2008 URL: http://indorgs.virginia.edu/iccidd/mi/cidds.html (accessed 05.23.2008).
For more on the link between iodine status and hypothyroidism, as well as many other health issues, see the website of David Brownstein, MD: http://www.drbrownstein.com/default.asp
7 Pizzorno, L., & Ferril, W. Op cit.
8 Spadaccino, A., et al. 2008. Celiac disease in North Italian patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. Autoimmunity, 41 (1), 116–121. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18176874 (accessed 05.08.2008).
da Silva Kotze, L., et al. 2006. Thyroid disorders in Brazilian patients with celiac disease. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 40 (1), 33–36.URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16340631 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Sategna–Guidetti, C., et al. 2001. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in untreated adult celiac disease patients and effect of gluten withdrawal: An Italian multicenter study. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 96 (3), 751–757. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11280546 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Toscano, V., et al. 2000. Importance of gluten in the induction of endocrine autoantibodies and organ dysfunction in adolescent celiac patients. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 95 (7),1742-1748. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10925978 (accessed 05.08.2008).
9 Shulman, K., et al. 2005. New thyroxine treatment in older adults beginning lithium therapy: Implications for clinical practice. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 13 (4), 299–304. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15845755 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Gracious, B., et al. 2004. Elevated thyrotropin in bipolar youths prescribed both lithium and divalproex sodium. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 43 (2), 215–220. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14726729 (accessed 05.08.2008).
10 Saad, A., et al. 2004. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis and thyroid cancer: Clinical, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic studies of a case and review of the literature. Arc. Pathol. Lab. Med., 128 (7), 807–810. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15214815 (accessed 05.08.2008).
Bogazzi, F., et al. 2001. The various effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Thyroid, 11 (5), 511–519. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11396710 (accessed 05.08.2008).
11 Moura, E., & Moura,C. 2004. [Regulation of thyrotropin synthesis and secretion.] Arq. Bras. Encocrinol. Metabol., 48 (1), 40–52. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611817 (accessed 05.08.2008).
12 Liappas, J., et al. 2006. Hypothyroidism induced by quetiapine: A case report. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol., 26 (2), 208–209.
Ferret, B., & Caley, C. 2000. Possible hypothyroidism associated with quetiapine. Ann. Pharmacother. 34 (4), 483–486. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10772436 (accessed 05.08.2008).
13 Pizzorno, L., & Ferril, W. 2005. Chapter 32. Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Thyroid. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 647. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
14 George, J., & Joshi, S. 2007. Drugs and thyroid. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 55, 215–223. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17598333 (accessed 05.08.2008).
15 Bland, J., & Jones, D. 2005. Chapter 32: Clinical approaches to hormonal and neuroendocrine imbalances. Cellular messaging, part II — Tissue sensitivity and intracellular response. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 596. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.
16 Ibid., 602.
17 Bland, J., & Jones, D. Op. cit.
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Thyroid health in menopause
Original Publication Date: 06/09/2008
Last Modified: 08/17/2009
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet