Digestion & GI health

Leaky gut syndrome (intestinal hyperpermeability)
— References & further reading

¹ DeMeo, M., et al. 2002. Intestinal permeation and gastrointestinal disease. J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 34 (4), 385–396. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907349 (accessed 11.24.2009).

  Krantz, B., et al. 2005. A phenylalanine clamp catalyzes protein translocation through the anthrax toxin pore. Science, 309 (5735), 777–781. URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/309/5735/777 (accessed 11.24.2009).

  Nejdfors, P., et al. 2000. Mucosal in vitro permeability in the intestinal tract of the pig, the rat, and man: Species-and region-related differences. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 35 (5), 501–507. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10868453 (accessed 11.24.2009).

  Thomson, A., et al. 1997. Small bowel review — Part II. Can. J. Gastroenterol., 11, 159–165. URL (PDF): http://www.pulsus.com/journals/abstract.jsp?sCurrPg=journal&jnlKy=2&atlKy=2375&isuKy=173&isArt=t

  Gardner, M. 1988. Gastrointestinal absorption of intact proteins. Ann. Rev. Nutr., 8, 329–350. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3060169 (accessed 12.18.2009).

² Liska, D., & Bland, J. 2005. Chapter 17. Digestion and excretion. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 192. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

³ Wikipedia. 2009. Tight junction. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tight_junction (accessed 11.24.2009).

⁴ Liska, D., & Bland, J. 2005. Chapter 17. Digestion and excretion. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 193. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine. Sult, T. Chapter 24. Clinical approaches to gastrointestinal imbalance.

⁵ Brandtzaeg, P. 2007. Why we develop food allergies. Am. Sci. URL: http://erweb2.eresources.com/issues/id.1012,y.0,no.,content.true,page.1,css.print/issue.aspx (accessed 09.09.2009).

⁶ Sult, T. 2005. Chapter 24. Digestive, absorptive, and microbiological imbalances. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 330. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

  Galland, L. 2007. Foundation for Integrated Medicine. Leaky gut syndromes: Breaking the vicious cycle. URL: http://mdheal.org/leakygut.htm (accessed 11.24.2009).

⁷ Farhadi, A., et al. 2008. Susceptibility to gut leakiness: A possible mechanism for endotoxaemia in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int., 28 (7), 1026–1033. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18397235 (accessed 12.18.2009.)

⁸ McGonagle, D., et al. 1998. Classification of inflammatory arthritis by enthesitis. Lancet, 352 (9134), 1137–1140. URL (abstract): http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-673(97)12004-9/abstract (accessed 11.24.2009).

  Darlington, L., & Ramsey, N. 1993. Review of dietary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Br. J. Rheumatol., 32 (6), 507–514. URL: http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/32/6/507 (accessed 12.18.2009).

  Rooney, P., et al. 1990. A short review of the relationship between intestinal permeability and inflammatory joint disease. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 8 (1), 75–83. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2189626 (accessed 11.25.2009).

⁹ Keshavarzian, A., et al. 2009. Evidence that chronic alcohol exposure promotes intestinal oxidative stress, intestinal hyperpermeability and endotoxemia prior to development of alcoholic steatohepatitis in rats. J. Hepatol., 50 (3), 538–547. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19155080 (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁰ Sult, T. 2005. Chapter 24. Clinical approaches to gastrointestinal imbalance. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 440. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

¹¹ Douek, D. 2007. HIV disease progression: Immune activation, microbes, and a leaky gut. Top HIV Med., 15 (4), 114–117. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17720995 (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹² Weil, A. 2005. What is leaky gut? URL: http://www.drweil.com/drw/u/QAA361058/what-is-leaky-gut.html (accessed 11.25.2009).

¹³ Wikipedia. 2009. Leaky gut syndrome. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁴ Hollander, D. 1999. Intestinal permeability, leaky gut, and intestinal disorders. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep., 1 (5), 410–416. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10980980 (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁵ Maes, M., & Leunis, J. 2008. Normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: Effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of LPS from gram-negative bacteria. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett., 29 (6), 902–910. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19112401 (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁶ Wikipedia. 2009. Leaky gut syndrome. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁷ Maes, M. 2008. The cytokine hypothesis of depression: Inflammation, oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) and leaky gut as new targets for adjunctive treatments in depression. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett., 29 (3), 287–291. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18580840 (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁸ [No author listed.] Leaky gut syndrome. (LGS) — intestinal permeability. The Environmental Illness Resource. URL: http://www.ei-resource.org/illness-information/environmental-illnesses/leaky-gut-syndrome-(lgs) (accessed 11.24.2009).

¹⁹ Wikipedia. 2009. Leaky gut syndrome. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome (accessed 11.24.2009).

²⁰ Sult, T. 2005. Chapter 24. Digestive, absorptive, and microbiological imbalances. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 334. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

  Rooney, P., et al. 1990. A short review of the relationship between intestinal permeability and inflammatory joint disease. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 8 (1), 75–83. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2189626 (accessed 12.18.2009).

²¹ Wikipedia. 2009. Leaky gut syndrome. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome (accessed 11.24.2009).

 

Reference on symptoms of leaky gut syndromes

Galland, L. 2007. Foundation for Integrated Medicine. Leaky gut syndromes: Breaking the vicious cycle. URL: http://mdheal.org/leakygut.htm (accessed 11.24.2009).

 

Reference on testing for leaky gut

Hyman, M. 2006. Lab tests. URL: http://www.drhyman.com/LabTests-Inflammation.aspx#Lactulose (accessed 12.18.2009).

 

Reference on medical treatments that increase intestinal permeability

Sult, T. 2005. Chapter 24. Clinical approaches to gastrointestinal imbalance. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 440. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

 

References for targeted natural solutions for leaky gut

^a van der Hulst, R., et al. 1993. Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity. Lancet, 341 (8857), 1363-1365. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8098788 (accessed 12.18.2009).

  Klimberg, V., et al. 1990. Oral glutamine accelerates healing of the small intestine and improves outcome after whole abdominal radiation. Arch. Surg., 125 (8), 1040–1045. URL: (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2378557 (accessed 12.18.2009).

  Souba, W. 1991. Glutamine: A key substrate for the splanchnic bed. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 11, 285-308. URL: http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.nu.11.070191.001441 (accessed 12.18.2009).

  Souba, W. 1989. The gut — a key metabolic organ following surgical stress: Benefits of glutamine supplementation. Contemp. Surg., 35 (5A), 5–13.

^b Sult, T. 2005. Chapter 24. Clinical approaches to gastrointestinal imbalance. In Textbook of Functional Medicine, ed. D. Jones & S. Quinn, 440. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

  Robinson, R., et al. 2001. Nutritional benefits of larch arabinogalactan. In Advanced Dietary Fibre Technology, ed. B. McCleary & L. Proskey, 445–446. Oxford: Blackwell Science, Ltd.

^c Deters, A., et al. 2005. Kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis L.) polysaccharides exert stimulating effects on cell proliferation via enhanced growth factor receptors, energy production, and collagen synthesis of human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and skin equivalents. J. Cell Physiol., 202 (3), 717–722. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15389574 (accessed 12.18.2009).

^d Sturniolo, G., et al. 2001. Zinc supplementation tightens “leaky gut” in Crohn’s disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis., 7 (2), 94–98. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11383597 (accessed 11.25.2009).

 

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Last Modified Date: 05/04/2011