Digestion & GI health

Gallbladder health — References & further reading

References

¹ American College of Gastroenterology. Gallstones — patients. URL: http://www.acg.gi.org/patients/women/gallstones.asp (accessed 06.26.2007).

² U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Weight-control Information Network. 2002; updated 2006. NIH Publication No. 02-3677. URL: http://win.niddk.nih.gov/publications/gallstones.htm (accessed 06.26.2007).

³ Ellis, G. Glenn Ellis’s strategies for wellbeing: The gallbladder and gallstones. URL: http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur30656.cfm (accessed 06.26.2007).

⁴ Wikipedia. 2007. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallbladder (accessed 06.27.2007).

⁵ Uhler, M., et al. 1998. Comparison of the impact of transdermal versus oral estrogens on biliary markers of gallstone formation in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 83 (2), 410–414. URL (full text): http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/83/2/410?ijkey=
a9779eee8c13c5cde9663d3273ddfe83186484af (accessed 06.27.2007).

⁶ Dhiman, R., et al. 2004. Alterations in gallbladder emptying and bile retention in the absence of changes in bile lithogenicity in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15387365 (accessed 06.27.2007).

⁷ Simon, J., et al. 2001. Effect of estrogen plus progestin on risk for biliary tract surgery in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. URL (full text): http://www.annals.org/cgi/content/full/135/7/493 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Uhler, M., et al. 2000. Estrogen replacement therapy and gallbladder disease in postmenopausal women. Menopause, 7 (3), 162–167.

Grodstein, F. et al. 1994. A prospective study of symptomatic gallstones in women: Relation with oral contraceptives and other risk factors. Obstet. Gynecol., 84, 207–214. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8041531 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program. 1973. Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolic disease, surgically confirmed gallbladder disease and breast tumors. Lancet, 1 (7817), 1399–1404. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4126154(accessed 06.27.2007).

⁸ Lynn, J. 1973. Effects of estrogen upon bile: Implications with respect to gallstone formation. Ann. Surg. 178, 514–524. URL (full text): http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1355692&blobtype=pdf (accessed 06.27.2007).

⁹ Wikipedia. 2007. Lithotriptor. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithotripsy (accessed 06.27.2007).

¹⁰ Maclure, K., et al. 1990. Dietary predictors of symptom-associated gallstones
in middle-aged women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52 (5), 916–922. URL (full-text PDF): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/52/5/916 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Pixley, F., et al. 1985. Effect of vegetarianism on development of gall stones in women. Br. Med. J. (Clin. Res. Ed.), 291 (6487), 11–12. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=3926039 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Pettiti, D., et al. 1981. Association of a history of gallbladder disease with a reduced concentration of high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. NEJM, 304 (23), 1396–1398.

¹¹ Tsai, C-J., et al. 2004. Frequent nut consumption and decreased risk of cholecystectomy in women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80 (1) 7681. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/1/76 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Tsai, C.-J., et al. 2004. A prospective cohort study of nut consumption and the risk of gallstone disease in men. Am. J. Epidemiol., 160 (10), 961–968. URL (full text): http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/160/10/961 (accessed 06.27.2007).

Abbey, M., et al. 1994. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acids with almonds or walnuts lowers total plasma cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 59, 995–9999. URL (full text): http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/59/5/995(accessed 06.27.2007).

Spiller, G., et al. 1998. Nuts and plasma lipids: an almond-based diet lowers LDL-C while preserving HDL-C. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 17, 285–290. URL (full text): http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/17/3/285 (accessed 06.27.2070).

¹² Su Wen. Nei Jing, sec. 13, chap. 47, p. 262. As referenced in: The Web That Has No Weaver: Understanding Chinese Medicine, 2000, by T. Kaptchuk, p. 95. NY: McGraw–Hill.

West TCM. 2005. The functions of the TCM gallbladder. URL: http://tcm.health-info.org/Zang%20Fu%20foundation/gallbladder.htm (accessed 06.27.2007).