Depression, anxiety & mood

Postpartum depression’s silver lining
— References & further reading

References

1 Cohen, L., et al. 2006. Risk for new onset of depression during the menopausal transition: The Harvard Study of Moods and Cycles. Arch. Gen. Psych., 63 (4): 385–390. URL: http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/63/4/385 (accessed 07.01.2008).

  Harlow, B., et al. 2004. Early life menstrual characteristics and pregnancy experiences among women with and without major depression: The Harvard Study of Moods and cycles. J. Affect. Disord., 27, (1–3), 167–176. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15023491 (accessed 7.01.2008).

2 Dennis, C. 2005. Psychosocial and psychological interventions for prevention of postnatal depression: Systematic review. BMJ, 331 (7507), 15. Review. URL: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/331/7507/15 (accessed 07.02.2008).

3 Spencer, T., & Bazer, F. 2002. Biology of progesterone action during pregnancy recognition and maintenance of pregnancy. Front. Biosci., 7, d1879–1898. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161340 (accessed 07.02.2008).

4 McCoy, S., et al. 2006. Risk factors for postpartum depression: A retrospective investigation at 4-weeks postnatal and a review of the literature. URL: http://www.jaoa.org/cgi/content/full/106/4/193 (accessed 07.08.2008).

  Herrick H. 2002. Postpartum depression: Who gets help? Results from the Colorado, New York, and North Caronlina PRAMS Surveys 1997–1999. North Carolina Division of Public Health Statistical Brief No. 24. URL: http://www.schs.state.nc.us/SCHS/pdf/SB24-1.pdf (accessed 07.08.2008).

  Sierra Manzano, J., et al. 2002. Variables associated with the risk of postpartum depression. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale [in Spanish]. Aten. Primaria, 30 (2), 103–111. URL: http://db.doyma.es/cgi-bin/wdbcgi.exe/doyma/mrevista.pubmed_full?
inctrl=05ZI0105&rev=27&vol=30&num=2&pag=103 (accessed 07.08.2008).

  Chen, C. 1996. Postpartum depression among adolescent mothers and adult mothers. Kaohsiung J. Med. Sci., 12 (2), 104 –113. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8709172 (accessed 07.08.2008).

5 Hendrick, V., et al. 1998. Hormonal changes in the postpartum and implications for postpartum depression. Review. Psychosomatics, 39, 93–101. URL: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/39/2/93 (accessed 07.03.2008).

6 Sundström, P., et al. 2003. GABA receptors, progesterone and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Arch. Women’s Ment. Health, 6 (1), 23–41. Review. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12715262 (accessed 07.03.2008).

  Smith, S., et al. 1987. Progesterone alters GABA and glutamate responsiveness: a possible mechanism for its anxiolytic action. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2880640 (accessed 07.03.2008).

7 Maes, M., et al. 2000. Immune activation in the early puerperium is related to postpartum anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25 (2), 121–137. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175700 (accessed 07.03.2008).

8 Kiecolt–Glaser, J., et al. 2007. Depressive symptoms, omega–6:omega–3 fatty acids, and inflammation in older adults. Psychosom. Med., 69 (3), 217–224. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17401057 (accessed 07.03.2008).

  Coussons–Read, M., et al. 2005. Prenatal stress alters cytokine levels in a manner that may endanger human pregnancy. Psychosom. Med., 67 (4), 625–631. URL: http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/content/full/67/4/625 (accessed 07.03.2008).

9 Maes, M., et al. 2004. In the puerperium, primiparae exhibit higher levels of anxiety and serum peptidase activity and greater immune responses than multiparae. J. Clin. Psychiatry, 65 (1), 71–76. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14744172 (accessed 07.03.2008).

10 Freeman, M., et al. 2006. Randomized dose-ranging pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids for postpartum depression. Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 113, 31–35. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16390366 (accessed 07.18.2008).

  Colin, A., et al. 2003. Lipids, depression and suicide. [Article in French.] Encephale, 29 (1), 49-58. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12640327 (accessed 07.03.2008).

  Hibbeln, J. 2002. Seafood consumption, the DHA content of mothers’ milk and prevalence rates of postpartum depression: A cross-national, ecological analysis. J. Affect. Disord., 69, 15-29. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12103448 (accessed 07.18.2008).

11 Ford, E. 2002. Does exercise reduce inflammation? Physical activity and C-reactive protein among US adults. Epidemiology, 13, 561–568. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12192226 (accessed 07.09.2008).

12 Bradley, L., et al. 2003. Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions for pain associated with chronic illnesses. Sem. Pain Mgt., 1 (2), 44–54. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B75KM-4DJ97TD-
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&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=ed57e74f07ac60c9a1d166388faf19fa (accessed 07.09.2008).

  Sensky, T., et al. 2001. Cognitive behavioral therapy plus medical management reduced depression and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Evidence–Based Nursing, 4, 120. URL: http://ebn.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/4/4/120 (accessed 07.09.2008).

13 Tedeschi, El., et al. 2003. Anti-inflammatory actions of St. John’s worth: Inhibition of human inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression by down-regulating signal transducer and activator of transcription-1a(STAT-1a) activation. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 307 (1), 254. URL: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/full/307/1/254 (accessed 07.09.2008).

14 Schiepers, O., et al. 2005. Cytokines and major depression. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psych., 29 (2), 201–217. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15694227 (accessed 07.03.2008).

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Postpartum depression’s silver lining

 

Original Publication Date: 07/18/2008
Last Modified: 08/17/2009
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet

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"I didn't care if I ever had sex again."

Cassie has a long history of hormonal sensitivity, especially PMS. She also had her tubes tied in her 20's and suffered some hot flashes afterwards. At 29, she faced the challenge of cervical cancer. Fortunately she was cured with only a minor cervical surgery and her uterus and ovaries remained intact.

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