Bone health
Do you really need a bone drug?
— References & further reading
References
1 Russell, R. 2006. Bisphosphonates: From bench to bedside. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1068, 367–401. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16831938 (accessed 08.05.2008).
2 Ott, S. 2007. Bisphosphonates: Effects on bones. Bisphosphonate structure. URL: http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opbis2.html (accessed 07.31.2008).
3 Russell, R. 2006.
Rogers, M. 2003. New insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates. Curr. Pharm. Des., 9 (32), 2643–2658. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14529538 (accessed 08.05.2008).
Fisher, J., et al. 1999. Alendronate mechanism of action: Geranylgeraniol, an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway, prevents inhibition of osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and kinase activation in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96 (1), 133–138. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9874784 (accessed 08.05.2008).
Luckman, S., et al. 1998. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit the mevalonate pathway and prevent post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins, including Ras. J. Bone Miner. Res., 13 (4), 581–589. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9556058 (accessed 08.05.2008).
van Beek, E., et al. 1998. Binding and antiresorptive properties of heterocycle-containing bisphosphonate analogs: Structure–activity relationships. Bone, 23 (5), 437–442. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823450 (accessed 08.05.2008).
Rodan, G., & Fleisch, H. 1996. Bisphosphonates: Mechanisms of action. J. Clin. Invest., 97 (12), 2692–2696. URL (PDF): http://www.jci.org/articles/view/118722/pdf (accessed 08.05.2008).
4 Ott, S. 2007. Bisphosphonates: Effects on bones. Bisphosphonate structure. URL: http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opbis2.html (accessed 07.31.2008).
5 Bauer, D., et al. 2006. Pretreatment levels of bone turnover and the antifracture efficacy of alendronate: the fracture intervention trial. J. Bone Miner. Res., 21 (2), 292–299. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418785 (accessed 08.05.2008)
Bauer, D., et al. 2004. Change in bone turnover and hip, non-spine, and vertebral fracture in alendronate-treated women: The Fracture Intervention Trial. J. Bone Miner. Res., 19 (8), 1250–1258. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15231011 (accessed 08.05.2008).
6 Kwek, E., et al. 2008. An emerging pattern of subtrochanteric stress fractures: A long-term complication of alendronate therapy? Injury, 39 (2), 224–231. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222447 (accessed 08.04.2008).
Neviaser, A., et al. 2008. Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use. J. Orthop. Trauma, 22 (5), 346–350. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18448990 (accessed 08.04.2008).
Parker–Pope, Tara. 2008. Drugs to build bones may weaken them. New York Times, July 15, 2008. URL: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/15/health/15well.html?partner=rssnyt&emc=rss (accessed 07.29.2008).
Cheung, R., et al. 2007. Sequential nontraumatic femoral shaft fractures in a patient on long-term alendronate. Hong Kong Med. J., 13 (6), 485–489. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18057440 (accessed 08.04.2008).
7 McClung, M., et al. 2004. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: Six-year results from the Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort (EPIC) study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 89 (10), 4879–4885. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/10/4879 (accessed 08.05.2008).
8 Wells, G., et al. Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 23 (1). URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18253985 (accessed 08.05.2080).
9 Wieand, H. 2003. Is relative risk reduction a useful measure for patients or families who must choose a method of treatment? J. Clin. Onc., 21 (23), 4263–4264. URL: http://jco.ascopubs.org/cgi/content/full/21/23/4263 (accessed 08.05.2008).
10 MacLean, C., et al. 2008. Systemic review: Comparitive effectiveness of treatments to prevent fractures in men and women with low bone density or osteoporosis. Ann. Intern. Med., 148 (3), 197–213. URL (abstract): (accessed 08.11.2008).
Cummings, S., et al. 1998. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures. JAMA, 280 (24), 2077–2082. URL: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/280/24/2077 (accessed 08.07.2008).
11 Alonso–Coello, P., et al. 2008. Analysis. Drugs for pre-osteoporosis: Prevention or disease mongering? BMJ, 336 (7636), 126–129. URL: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/336/7636/126 (accessed 08.06.2008).
12 Heckbert, S., et al. 2008. Use of alendronate and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women. Arch. Intern. Med., 168 (8), 826–831. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18443257 (accessed 08.05.2008).
Ott, S. 2008. Bisphosphonates. URL: http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opbis.html#side (accessed 08.05.2008).
13 Melton, L., et al. 1998. Long-term trends in hip fracture prevalence: The influence of hip fracture incidence and survival. Osteoporos. Int., 8 (1), 68–74. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9692080 (accessed 08.05.2008).
14 Sehgal, A. 2008. Prevalence of US osteoporotic hip fracture hospitalizations declines despite an ageing population. URL: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/111030.php (accessed 08.05.2008).
15 Nelson, N. 2007. Osteoporosis. Second thoughts: Some women resist advice to try drugs. Washingtonpost.com, June 12, 2007. URL: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/11/AR2007061101927.html (accessed 08.01.2008).
16 Alonso–Coello, P., et al. 2008.
17 Liebman, M. 2002. Awakening the silent osteoporosis market. Medical Marketing & Media. URL: http://www.allbusiness.com/medicine-health/diseases-disorders-musculoskeletal/10599376-1.html (accessed 08.05.2008).
18 Dach, J. 2007–2008. Reversing osteoporosis naturally: Diagnostic testing bone density scan. URL: http://www.drdach.com/wst_page6.html (accessed 08.01.2008).
19 Carmona, R. 2004. Bone health and osteoporosis. A report of the Surgeon General. URL: http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/bonehealth/content.html (accessed 08.05.2008).
20 Brown, S. 2008. Vitamin D and fracture reduction: An evaluation of the existing research. Alt. Med. Rev., 13 (1), 21–33. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/13/1/21.pdf (accessed 01.20.2009).
Further reading
- Fehm, T., et al. 2009. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ): Incidence and risk factors in patients with breast cancer and gynecological malignancies. Gynecol. Oncol. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136147 (accessed 01.13.2009).
- Sedghizadeh, P., et al. 2009. Oral bisphosphonate use and the prevalence of osteonecrosis of the jaw: An institutional inquiry. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 140 (1), 61–66. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19119168 (accessed 01.05.2009).
- Weinstein, R., et al. 2009. Giant osteoclast formation and long-term oral bisphosphonate therapy. NEJM, 360 (1), 53–32. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/1/53 (accessed 01.02.2009).
See also:
Glowacki, J. 2009. The deceiving appearances of osteoclasts. NEJM, 360 (1), 80–82. Editorial. URL: http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/360/1/80 (accessed 01.02.2009).
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Do you really need a bisphosphonate drug for your bones?
Original Publication Date: 01/20/2009
Last Modified: 08/17/2009
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet