Adrenal health

Effects of high cortisol levels — References and further reading

¹ Hyman, M. 2005. Chapter 26. Clinical approaches to environmental inputs, 357. In Textbook of Functional Medicine. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

² Williams, G., & Dluhy, R. 2005. Chapter 321. Disorders of the adrenal cortex, 2127–2130. In Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition. NY: McGraw–Hill.

³ McEwan, B. 2006. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: Central role of the brain. Dialogues Clin. Neurosci., 8 (4), 367–381. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17290796 (accessed 07.07.2010).

⁴ Head, K., & Kelly, G. 2009. Nutrients and botanicals for treatment of stress: Adrenal fatigue, neurotransmitter imbalance, anxiety, and restless sleep. Alt. Med. Rev., 14 (2), 114–140. URL (PDF): http://www.thorne.com/altmedrev/.fulltext/14/2/114.pdf (accessed 07.07.2010).

⁵ Wilson, J. 2001. Adrenal Fatigue, the 21st Century Stress Syndrome, 268–273. Petaluma, CA: Smart Publications.

⁶ Lawnson, E., et al. 2009. Hypercortisolemia is associated with severity of bone loss and depression in hypothalamic amenorrhea and anorexia nervosa. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 94 (12), 4710–4716. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19837921 (accessed 07.06.2010).

  Sbaihi, M., et al. 2009. Cortisol mobilizes mineral stores from vertebral skeleton in the European eel: An ancestral origin for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis? J. Endocrinol., 201 (2), 241–252. URL: http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/content/full/201/2/241 (accessed 07.06.2010).

⁷ Sivamani, R., et al. 2009. Stress-mediated increases in systemic and local epinephrine impair skin wound healing: Potential new indication for beta blockers. PLoS, 6 (1), e12. URL: http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000012 (accessed 07.07.2010).

⁸ Head, K., & Kelly, G. 2009.

⁹ Scherrer, U., & Sartori, C. 1997. Insulin as a vascular and sympathoexcitatory hormone. Circulation, 96, 4104–4113. URL: http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/96/11/4104 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹⁰ Beluche, I., et al. 2010. A prospective study of diurnal cortisol and cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly people. Psychol. Med., 40 (6), 1039–1049. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19814852 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹¹ Hays, B. 2005. Chapter 19. Hormonal imbalances: Female hormones: The dance of the hormones. Pt. I, 229. In Textbook of Functional Medicine. Gig Harbor, WA: Institute for Functional Medicine.

¹² McEwan, B. 1998. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. NEJM, 338 (3), 171–179. URL (extract): http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/extract/338/3/171 (accessed 07.07.2010).

  Wilson, J. 2001. Adrenal Fatigue, the 21st Century Stress Syndrome, 290. Petaluma, CA: Smart Publications.

¹³ Hardy, R., & Cooper, M. 2010. Adrenal gland and bone. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 503 (1). 137–145. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20542010 (accessed 07.07.2010).

Isales, C., et al. 2010. ACTH is a novel regulator of bone mass. Ann. NY Acad.Sci., 1192 (1), 110–116. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392225 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹⁴ Riva, R., et al. 2010. Fibromyalgia syndrome is associated with hypocortisolism. Int. J. Behav. Med. [Epub ahead of print.] URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20458566 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹⁵ Hays, B. 2005. 229–230.

¹⁶ Zarković, M. 2003. [Disorder of adrenal gland function in chronic fatigue syndrome.] Srp. Arh. Celok. Lek., 131 (9–10), 370–374. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15058215 (accessed 07.07.2010).

  Scott, L., et al. 2000. A preliminary study of dehydroepiandrosterone response to low-dose ACTH in chronic fatigue syndrome and in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Res., 97 (1), 21–28. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11104854 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹⁷ Hays, B. 2005. 228–229.

¹⁸ Cutolo, M., et al. 2006. Circadian rhythms: Glucocorticoids and arthritis. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 1069, 289–299. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16855156 (accessed 07.07.2010).

Harbuz, M., et al. 2003. Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and chronic immune activation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci., 992, 99–106. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12794050 (accessed 07.07.2010).

¹⁹ Arlt, W., & Allolio, B. 2003. Adrenal insufficiency. Lancet, 361 (9372), 1881–1893. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12788587 (accessed 07.06.2010).

Oelkers, W. 1996. Adrenal insufficiency. NEJM, 335 (16), 1206–1212. URL http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/335/16/1206 (accessed 07.06.2010).

²⁰ Al-Qarawi, A., et al. 2002. Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and the adrenal-kidney-pituitary axis in rats. Food Chem. Toxicol., 40 (10), 1525–1527. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12387318 (accessed 07.06.2010).

 

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Effects of high cortisol levels

 

Last Modified Date: 04/29/2011