Adrenal fatigue

Adrenal imbalance, fatigue and insomnia — References and further reading

¹ Vgontzas, A., et al. 2001. Chronic insomnia is associated with nyctohemeral activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: Clinical implications. URL: http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/86/8/3787 (accessed 09.02.2009).

“We conclude that insomnia is associated with an overall increase of ACTH and cortisol secretion, which, however, retains a normal circadian pattern. These findings are consistent with a disorder of central nervous system hyperarousal rather than one of sleep loss, which is usually associated with no change or decrease in cortisol secretion or a circadian disturbance.”

² Son, G-H., et al. 2008. Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 105 (52), 20970–20975. URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/105/52/20970.long (accessed 09.03.2009).

³ Wikipedia. 2009. Circadian rhythm. URL: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm (accessed 09.03.2009).

⁴ Oster, H., et al. 2006. The circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids is regulated by a gating mechanism residing in the adrenal cortical clock. Cell Metab., 4 (2), 163–173. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16890544 (accessed 09.03.2009).

⁵ Rosch, P. [No date of publication.] Reminiscences of Hans Selye, and the birth of “stress.” American Institute of Stress. URL: http://www.stress.org/hans.htm (accessed 09.03.2009).

⁶ Park, P. 2009. Antidepressants, not sleep drugs, often prescribed for insomnia. URL: http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/07/24/insomnia.treatment/index.html (accessed 09.03.2009).

⁷ Vgontzas, A., et al. 2001. [The word “nyctohemeral” pertains to both day and night; the word is used in scientific literature to denote the period of time between 10:00 PM and 6:00 AM).

⁸ Vgontzas, A., et al. 2001.

⁹ Vgontzas, A., et al. 2001.

¹⁰ Ruby, C., et al. 2009. Chronic ethanol attenuates circadian photic phase resetting and alters nocturnal activity patterns in the hamster. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol., 297 (3), R729–R737. URL: http://ajpregu.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/297/3/R729 (accessed 09.15.2009).

Rosenwasser, A. 2001. Alcohol, antidepressants, and circadian rhythms. Human and animal models. Alcohol Res. Health, 25 (2), 126–135. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11584551 (accessed 09.15.2009).

Rasmussen, D., et al. 2000. Chronic daily ethanol and withdrawal: 1. Long-term changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res., 24 (12), 1836–1849. URL (accessed 09.15.2009).

Adinoff, B., et al. 1991. Disturbances of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning during ethanol withdrawal in six men. Am. J. Psychiat., 148 (8), 1023–1025. URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/reprint/148/8/1023 (accessed 09.15.2009).

¹¹ Gooneratne, N. 2008. Complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults. Clin. Geriatr. Med, 24 (1), 121–138. URL: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=18035236 (accessed 09.03.2009).

Reference on stress hormone functions

Teachers’ domain: Making cortisone from plants. Adapted from NOVA: Forgotten Genius. URL: http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/drey07.sci.phys.matter.cortisone/ (accessed 09.15.2009).

Reference on the birth of “stress”

Rosch, P. Reminiscences of Hans Selye, and the birth of “stress.” American Institute of Stress. URL: http://www.stress.org/hans.htm (accessed 09.15.2009).

References regarding yoga for insomnia

Khalsa, S. 2004. Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: A preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Appl. Psychophysiol. Biofeedback, 29 (4), 269–278. URL (abstract): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15707256 (accessed 09.03.2009).

Wikipedia. 2009. Kundalini. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kundalini (accessed 09.03.2009).

Riordan, A. 2008. Kundalini yoga tips for insomnia. URL: http://croneishome.livejournal.com/13089.html (accessed 09.03.2009).

Science Daily. 2008. Parasympathetic nervous system. URL: http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/p/parasympathetic_nervous_system.htm (accessed 09.03.2009).

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Is adrenal imbalance keeping you from sleep at night?

Original Publication Date: 11/04/2009
Last Modified: 02/16/2010
Principal Author: Marcella Sweet